1. The origin of "Sea Ranch"

The first thing to find out is how sea ranching came about. The term "sea ranch" comes from Japan. Japan is surrounded by the sea. Since ancient times, people like to eat fish, shrimp, shellfish, algae and other aquatic products, especially fish and shellfish are an important source of animal protein for people. Japan developed fishery, mechanization, informationization degree is high, fishing ability is strong, fishing quantity is in the forefront of the world. From the 1950s to the 1970s, due to the coastal industrial development and urban construction, the coastal ecological environment in Japan deteriorated, the habitat of many fish and shellfish was destroyed, and overfishing led to the serious decline of fishery resources and the development of offshore fishery fell into difficulties. In order to solve the problem of declining fishery resources, Japan began to focus on the breeding technology of fish and shellfish and vigorously develop "cultivated fishery", that is, by releasing artificially hatched fish and shellfish seedlings to the habitat and breeding sites of fish and shellfish to increase resources and maintain the catch amount. After years of research and practice, "cultivated fishery" has received certain effects, especially some salmon, sparreams and abalone resources have been effectively replenished and increased, to maintain the offshore fishery production. At the same time, progress has been made in the research and engineering construction of fish and shellfish habitat restoration technologies, such as the construction of artificial reefs and seaweed farms. Coupled with the effective solution of land-based pollution problems, the coastal ecological environment has begun to improve, the fish and shellfish habitat has been restored and increased, and some coastal fishery resources have been preserved and proliferated. With the progress of science and technology, people imagine whether it is possible to graze fish, shrimp, shellfish and other aquatic organisms in the ocean like cattle and sheep on the grassland, so as to make the fishery sustainable development? So the idea of a "sea ranch" was put forward. Since the "sea ranch" was put forward, people have paid great attention and prospect to it, and imagined and elaborated it from different aspects and angles.

The concept of "sea ranching" in China dates back to 1947, when Zhu Shuping proposed the idea of "growing fish and developing water ranching" in the hope of developing such ranching to solve the problem of insufficient protein supply for the Chinese people. Zeng Chengkui (1979) has repeatedly put forward the view that the development of China's Marine aquaculture must take the road of "farming and herding". In 1983, Feng Shunlou of the South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, published a proposal to create a New Situation in China's Marine fishery, proposing to build artificial reefs. Feng Shunlou (1989) proposed that "a rich and beautiful Marine pasture should be built on the basis of artificial reefs, combined with artificial algal farms and artificial fry release". Later, Chen Yongmao et al. (2000), Zhang Guosheng et al. (2003), Yang Jinlong et al. (2004) put forward their own views on the concept of sea ranching. In order to unify the understanding of Marine ranching and promote the normative development of the construction of Marine ranching in our country, the Fishery and Fishery Administration of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs organized relevant experts to define the Marine ranching, namely: Based on the principle of Marine ecosystem, Marine ranching is a fishery model that builds or repairs the places needed for Marine organisms to reproduce, grow, bait or avoid enemies in specific sea areas through artificial reefs, proliferation and release, etc., to proliferate and conserve fishery resources, improve the Marine ecological environment and realize the sustainable utilization of fishery resources. This definition of Marine ranching has guided the implementation of national Marine ranching demonstration area construction projects and served as the basis for the development of technical standards and policies for Marine ranching in China.

2. The emergence of "Modern Sea Ranching"

The research and development and construction of Marine ranching technology in our country have been for many years, mainly focused on the traditional artificial reefs, proliferation and release of Marine ranching basic ecological engineering and the release of aquatic biological seedlings. How should China's future Marine ranching be built and developed? Related experts, scholars and fishery managers have carried out many years of research and discussion. On the basis of summarizing the theories and practices of predecessors and combining the research results of the sea Ranch team, the author put forward the construction concept and technical system of "modern sea ranch" in 2009. After several years of research and practice, the author further explained the basic concept and technical system of modern sea ranch in 2012: The so-called modern Marine ranching is a modern Marine fishery production mode based on Marine ecosystem, supported by modern science and technology and managed by modern management theories and methods, so as to achieve ecological health, abundant resources and safe products. The technology system of modern Marine ranching includes bioremediation and optimization technology, seedling breeding technology, proliferation and release technology, fish behavior domestication and control technology, ecological regulation method and technology, selective fishing technology, real-time environmental monitoring technology, Marine ranching management method and technology. To solve China's coastal waters ecological deterioration, decline of fisheries resources and fishing the contradictions of sustainable development, must be in the effective controlling land-source pollution, Marine overexploitation, disordered breeding and overfishing, fundamentally change the traditional fishing fishing and farming methods of production, establish a new, sustainable mode of production, Make China's fishery production and related industries to repair or optimization of water ecological environment, under the premise of maintenance and proliferation of fishery resources, safeguard Marine sustainable constantly provide high quality aquatic products for people and beautiful ecological environment, and improve people's quality of life and health level, promote and protein of grain security in our country and the supply ability, This new type of Marine fishery production is modern Marine ranching. In other words, modern Marine ranching is a sustainable Marine fishery production mode that integrates Marine ecological environment optimization, fishery resource conservation and industrial integration. The development of modern Marine ranching is the necessary path for the Marine fishery to change from the traditional mode of production to the modern mode of production, and it is an inevitable course for the industry ecology and ecology industrialization of Marine fishery, which is a feasible means to solve the contradiction between the protection of domestic offshore fishery resources and the sustainable development of fisheries.

1. Traditional sea ranching

China's traditional Marine ranching research and construction began in the late 1970s. With the support of government financial funds, China started the research and exploration of artificial reef construction. In 1979, artificial reefs began to be put into the waters of Beibu Gulf of Guangxi. After that, the experimental construction and research of artificial reefs were carried out in coastal provinces and cities. In 1984, the State Economic Commission set up the artificial Reef project, and the South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute led the establishment of the "National Artificial Reef Technology Collaboration Group" to study the technology and theory of artificial reefs. More than 28,000 artificial reefs of various kinds and 49 old fishing boats were put into the coastal areas of China, and nearly 100,000 cubic meters of rocks were thrown into them. The results show that the aggregation and attachment effect of fish, shellfish and algae in the artificial reef area is remarkable, the ecological environment is obviously improved, and the amount of fishery resources and catch is obviously increased. Since then, due to the lack of funds and other reasons, the research and construction of artificial reefs have been at a standstill. In the 21st century, with the enhancement of national economic strength and people's concern about the deterioration of coastal ecological environment and the decline of fishery resources, the research and construction of artificial reefs have developed rapidly. In December 2001, the Standing Committee of the Ninth Guangdong Provincial People's Congress adopted the Resolution of the Standing Committee of the Guangdong Provincial People's Congress on the Construction of Artificial Reefs to Protect Marine Resources and Environment. In the coastal breeding area of about 36 million mu of juvenile fish and shrimp in Guangdong Province, 12 artificial reefs will be built with a total of 100 artificial reefs, with a proportion of about 10% (about 3.6 million mu). By the sea, the gulf of artificial reef construction restoration and improve the Marine environment quality, recreational fishery formed the scale, high-quality fish catches of specifications improved obviously, and the proportion of the rare and endangered wild animals get effective protection, such as Marine fisheries industry structure incline to reasonable, thus the construction of coastal waters into rich ocean pasture. The artificial reef construction plan will invest 800 million yuan.

Liaoning, Guangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hebei, Shandong and other coastal areas have also carried out research on the construction of artificial reefs. The proliferation and release of fish, shellfish and other fishery resources has been carried out for more than 30 years. The species released are all kinds of fish, shrimp and shellfish, including nearly 100 high-value Marine treasures such as sea cucumber, bao, sea urchin, jellyfish and Chinese prawn. The proliferation fishery has played an important role in repairing the declining coastal fishery resources. By 2015, China had built more than 200 Marine ranches, covering an area of nearly 900 square kilometers, and more than 600 square kilometers of artificial reefs, with a total space of more than 60 million cubic meters of artificial reefs.

Since 2015, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has organized and carried out the creation of national Marine ranching demonstration areas. That is, Marine ranching that has achieved a certain scale and produced obvious effects in the past can be declared as a national Marine ranching demonstration area if it meets relevant requirements. The state appropriates special funds for the construction of artificial reefs, seaweed farms, seagrass beds and environmental factor monitoring systems in the demonstration areas, so as to improve the ecological effect of Marine ranches and the ability of information monitoring. By 2021, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs had approved the construction of seven batches of 153 national-level Marine ranching demonstration zones. The national Marine ranching demonstration areas are mainly divided into three types, namely, the Marine ranching of resource conservation type, the Marine ranching of breeding type and the Marine ranching of leisure type. The Marine ranching of resource conservation type is the public welfare Marine ranching that is constructed and managed by the relevant government departments or institutions. Proliferative and recreational Marine ranchers are operational Marine ranches that are built, managed and operated by companies. Most coastal sea ranch in north China is given priority to with enterprise construction, management, operation, mainly is the proliferation of trepang, abalone, sea urchins, proliferative oceanic ranch and high value of Marine products, some of the oceanic ranch and recreational fishing, and tourism functions, its economic benefits, ecological benefits, such as shandong, liaoning, dalian, Qingdao, hebei and other places of the sea pasture; Marine ranches in southern coastal areas are mainly public welfare Marine ranches built by the government with obvious ecological benefits, such as those in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and Zhejiang. The construction of Marine ranches in Hainan Province started relatively late, mainly built and managed by the government, and most of them are resource-conservation Marine ranches. Some national Marine ranches demonstration areas mainly built and managed by enterprises have achieved obvious effects, playing an important demonstration role in Marine leisure and tourism and conservation of biological resources.

2. Modern sea ranching

The research and construction of modern Marine ranching began in 2008 to establish the project of "Research and Demonstration on Key Technologies of Marine Ranching Based on Ecosystem". This project is sponsored by Dalian Ocean University, with the participation of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Jinzhou Institute of Marine and Fishery Sciences, Zhangzidao Group Co., LTD. Combined with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs 948 program project "Marine Ranching Key Technology introduction and innovation", Liaoning Province science and Technology project "Liaoning Offshore fish resources Conservation Marine ranching construction Technology Research and demonstration" and other Marine ranching science and technology projects were initiated and implemented. The research team has made breakthroughs in a series of key technologies, such as new artificial reef materials and setting methods in the artificial reef sea, behavior domestication and control of fish in the reef area, real-time online monitoring system of environmental factors, shellfish proliferation and release, design and manufacture of environmentally friendly fishing gear, etc., and constructed the basic technical system of modern Marine ranching. The technical system includes artificial fish reef habitat optimization techniques, the behavior of the control technology, the proliferation of discharge technology, the real-time online monitoring technology of environmental factors and environmental friendly exploitation technology, etc., and technological achievements in changhai county of the north of the yellow sea and bohai bay in the east China sea integration model, has achieved obvious ecological benefit, economic benefit and social benefit. This is our country's first sea ranch technical achievement. From 2010 to 2017, the South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences and the Institute of Oceanology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences undertook the special research project of public welfare industry (agriculture) and the key project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, "Integration and Demonstration of Key Technologies of Efficient Marine Ecological Ranching". The research and development project and implementation of these Marine pasture technology developed from north to south, and the accumulated scientific and technological achievements enriched the technical system of Marine pasture, which provided broader technical support for the construction of modern Marine pasture.

In recent years, the Marine ranching technology R&D platform and team construction have developed rapidly in China. In 2006, Dalian Ocean University set up the country's first engineering center focusing on Marine ranching -- Liaoning Marine ranching Engineering and Technology Research Center, and established a scientific and technological innovation team composed of experts in fishery resources and environment, fishing, breeding, information, machinery, civil engineering and other fields. In 2016, supported by Dalian Ocean University, the Chinese Fishery Society established the Marine Ranching Research Association (now renamed the Marine Ranching Professional Committee of the Chinese Fishery Society). In 2017, in order to strengthen the cooperation among government, industry, universities and research institutes and promote the scientific and standardized development of Marine ranching industry, Dalian Ocean University led the establishment of the National Modern Marine Ranching Science and Technology Innovation Alliance. In the same year, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs organized the establishment of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Marine Ranching Construction Expert Advisory Committee. In 2018, the Marine Ranch Engineering Technology Research Center of Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences was established. In 2020, the Marine Ranching Expert Advisory Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs announced 29 Marine ranching technical team workstations. In 2021, the Marine Ranch Engineering Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was inaugurated.

After years of efforts, our country's modern Marine pastures new technology and new equipment research and development has made great progress, such as side scan sonar volume estimation techniques of artificial reefs, sea ranch environmental information monitoring system design technology, acoustic tracing method and technology, Marine fish farms visualization technology, oceanic ranch multi-function offshore platforms and monitoring equipment, etc. In recent years, the Fisheries and Fishery Administration of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has formulated and issued several Marine pasture construction management documents, such as the Detailed Rules for the Management of Artificial Reef Construction Projects (Nongbanyu No. 66, 2018) and the Work Specifications for the Management of National Marine Pasture Demonstration Areas (Nongbanyu No. 29, 2019). It has promoted the industrial standard Technical Specifications for the Construction of Artificial Reefs (SC/T9416-2014), Technical Specifications for the Evaluation of Conservation Effects of Artificial Reef Resources (SC/T9417-2015), Classification of Marine Ranches (SC/T9111-2017) and the national standard Technical Guidelines for the Construction of Marine Ranches (GB/T40946) -2021) and other technical standards for Marine ranching. On December 2, 2016, the Standing Committee of Jiangsu Provincial People's Congress promulgated the first local law on Marine ranching in China, the Regulations on the Management of Marine Ranching in Lianyungang City. The establishment and promulgation of these new technologies and standards as well as management documents and regulations have provided an important guarantee for the standardization, standardization and legalization of the construction of Marine ranching in China.

Some problems encountered in the process of rapid development of China's modern Marine ranches need to be solved further.

Problem 1.

(1) The key technologies and their systematic research and development of Marine ranches are insufficient, and the degree of science and technology is low. Modern Marine farm planning and construction and management of operation needs the support of modern science and technology and management methods and the safeguard, despite years of research, exploration, oceanic ranch related technology and equipment research and development has made some achievements, but there are some key technology breakthrough, in the technology system of various elements of cohesion and the systemic research is still insufficient, It cannot provide comprehensive and systematic support for the construction, management and operation of modern Marine ranches. Such as different species, Marine habitat build and extend the technique system of pasture quality health seedling breeding and breeding discharge technology integration, ocean pasture ecological carrying capacity evaluation method and technology, many kinds of fish and shellfish, effective control of group behavior and tracing technology, ecological environment and biological resources information monitoring and intelligent management technology, Marine pasture use sea project of ecological harmony Combined technology (coupled technology) and different types of Marine pasture ecosystem construction methods and technologies.

(2) There is no overall plan for the construction of Marine ranches in Chinese waters, and the construction of regional Marine ranches is not systematic. Modern Marine farming is a complicated system engineering, need to be on the basis of the investigation and comprehensive study to make systematic and comprehensive scientific planning, but due to not enough and lack of funding, so far our country has not a "China Marine pasture construction overall plan", used to guide and standardize the modern ocean pasture construction of our country. Due to the lack of systematic investigation, evaluation and analysis, and insufficient planning and design basis before the construction of some artificial reefs in the existing Marine ranches, problems such as subsidence, burial and overturning of artificial reefs occurred, which affected the conservation effect of Marine ranches.

(3) Insufficient funds for construction and post-construction monitoring and management. The scale of the sea ranch is directly proportional to the benefit, and the scale is the benefit. Due to the limited construction funds, most Marine ranches are built on a small scale, and the efficiency of scale is not sufficient. In addition, it is difficult to guarantee the resources and environment investigation and assessment, pasture maintenance, ecological environment, fishery resources, production and operation management funds after the construction, which directly affects the sustainable and effective play of Marine pasture benefits.

(4) The management of established Marine ranches is not in place. In order for Marine ranches to play the role of resource conservation and achieve sustainable and long-term benefits, it is necessary to carry out scientific management of ecology, resources, production and related activities of Marine ranches. If the management is not in place, the resource conservation and proliferation functions of Marine ranches will be affected. The construction of Marine ranch is mainly to create a living field for Marine organisms and provide ecological environment conditions for the protection and proliferation of fishery resources. If fishing and production activities are not properly managed after the establishment of Marine ranches, many fishing boats will be attracted to concentrate on fishing or fishing with various fishing gear in the short term, which is easy to damage fishery resources, especially for some public welfare Marine ranches, and it is difficult to control maritime fishing in the later period. The imperfect resource management measures of some operational Marine ranches will lead to excessive fishing and harvesting, resulting in rapid reduction of fish and shellfish resources and affecting the sustainable benefits of Marine ranches. The scientific and standardized management of Marine ranches needs to be solved urgently.

(5) The industrialization degree of Marine ranches is low. Modern Marine farming is a new type of Marine fishery production mode, is set high quality seafood production and ecological environment restoration, informationization and optimization, ecological aquaculture equipment manufacturing facilities, sea sightseeing, leisure fishing, financial services in the development of tertiary industry such as popular science education and culture industry complex, the construction and development and utilization of oceanic ranch still focus on production, The development of secondary and tertiary industries is insufficient, the scientific design and effective operation mechanism of modern Marine ranching industrial complex is lacking, the industrial cluster is weak, the integration degree of three industries is low, and the comprehensive benefits of modern Marine ranching are not fully released.

Countermeasures for 2.

(1) Establish the National Marine Ranch Engineering and Technology Center. It is necessary to establish a national Marine ranching technology research and development platform, integrate the research platforms and teams of coastal universities, research institutes and related enterprises, concentrate the advantageous forces, carry out domestic and international Marine ranching technology exchange and cooperation, and comprehensively and systematically promote technology research and development integration and model innovation. Through scientific top-level design and resource integration, the key technology and ecological technology chain problems that need to be solved are broken through, and the independent innovation ability of Marine ranches is comprehensively improved, so as to provide all-round and effective scientific and technological support for the construction of modern Marine ranches and industrial development.

(2) Formulating the master plan for the construction of modern Marine ranches in China's maritime areas and improving regional plans for the construction of Marine ranches. On the basis of detailed research on the ecological environment, biological resources, society and industry, a "Master Plan for the construction of modern Marine ranches in China's sea areas" should be formulated to guide the construction, management and operation of various Marine ranches in various sea areas, and lay the foundation for the comprehensive construction of Marine ranches. In accordance with the basic principles of giving priority to ecology, adapting measures to local conditions, coordinating land and sea, industrial integration and green development, we should scientifically determine the construction area of Marine ranches, clarify the construction objectives, construction contents, technical methods, construction steps and construction scale, and make the planning and design of regional Marine ranches more scientific.

(3) Increase capital investment. Only on the government's construction project funding sea ranch, difficult to form a larger scale and effective management of oceanic ranch, should broaden the ocean pasture construction and operation of the financing channels, introduce social capital, the investment construction funds, on the basis of the existing construction scale expanding ocean ranch, global construction, accelerate the ocean pasture to give full play to the scale of sea ranch, At the same time, funds for monitoring, evaluation and management of the ecological environment and fishery resources of Marine ranches should be increased so that the management units can have enough funds for long-term monitoring and evaluation, and carry out follow-up management based on comprehensive analysis and evaluation results, so as to ensure that Marine ranches can continuously bring into full play their due benefits.

(4) Strengthen regional management of Marine ranches and raise people's awareness of the ocean. It is necessary to set up management institutions and management personnel, formulate and improve relevant laws and regulations on the management of Marine ranches, use information and intelligent means to timely grasp the dynamic changes in the ecological environment, fishery resources and fishery production, comprehensively manage Marine ranches, and comprehensively improve the efficiency of Marine ranches. At the same time, the popularization of Marine ranches should be strengthened to raise the public's Marine awareness, expand the influence of Marine ranches, and encourage people to consciously protect the Marine environment and biological resources.

(5) Develop Marine pasture industrial clusters and build modern Marine pasture industrial complexes. The construction of modern Marine ranching has created conditions for improving the quality and efficiency of Marine fishery and Marine industry as well as the integrated development of three industries. Yichang needs to launch a series of Marine ranch green aquatic products and ecological environment products, and comprehensively improve the brand benefits of Marine ranch products through the formulation of standards, financial logistics support, cultural science popularization and promotion. Secondary production should improve the processing level of Marine ranch seafood, increase the added value of products, enhance the processing and manufacturing capacity of Marine ranch facilities and equipment, and meet the needs of the modernization construction, management and operation of Marine ranch. The three industries should make full use of the fishery resources and ecological environment advantages of Marine ranches to develop recreational fishery, maritime tourism, popular science education and other cultural tourism industries. Develop Marine ranching industrial clusters, build a modern Marine ranching industrial complex integrating three industries, and fully release the ecological, economic and social benefits and industrial value of Marine ranching.

With the progress of science and technology and the deepening of construction practice, modern Marine ranching presents a new development trend, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects.

1. The degree of technology is getting higher and higher.

With the continuous progress of science and technology, new technologies, new methods and new models are constantly emerging, which accelerates the technological process of Marine ranching. For example, new artificial reefs and their placement technology, large-scale construction and maintenance technology of different kinds of seaweed farms and seagrass beds, efficient ecological restoration technology of fish and shellfish resources, and green and healthy breeding system technology have been continuously applied to the construction of Marine ranches. Ecological environment and biological resources comprehensive survey evaluation of new technology, fishery resources ecological control and exploitation of new technology, fish, shellfish crowd behavior remote monitoring technology, the natural disaster early warning and prevention and control technology and intelligent control technology of production continuously using the sea ranch system management operation, the Marine farm level of science and technology is more and more high.

2. More and more obvious integration with other industries and related industries

Marine ranches belong to the fishery field and are generally constructed and operated in the agricultural and fishing areas in the Marine planning. However, with the continuous development of Marine development, the space of fishery area is shrinking and the ecological environment is also damaged. The construction of modern Marine ranching can be integrated with other Marine engineering ecology, such as the combination with the Marine engineering such as fishing port, cruise ship wharf, maritime airport and offshore wind farm, so as to make it a breeding ground for fish, shellfish and algae. These projects can also provide land-sea connectivity, energy support and convenient transportation for the development of Marine ranching industry. Modern Marine pasture planning and construction can be integrated with mariculture ecology, reduce the negative effect of aquaculture on the ecological environment, and strengthen the positive effect of resource conservation. Various types of construction and operation models have been innovated, and a new modern Marine ranching industrial complex featuring sea-land connectivity, industrial clusters, and the integration of three industries has been formed, resulting in a significant increase in comprehensive benefits.

3. Near and far sea area ranching

On the basis of the construction of the nearshore and islands and reefs, modern Marine ranching has been expanding to the whole sea area, building high-rise large-scale fish collecting and conservation reefs and floating reefs in deep water areas to gather and conserve the middle and upper layers of fish. An inductive reef is set up in the migration channel of the fish to conserve the migratory fish and increase the resources of the middle and upper layers and migratory fish. Through the ecological cooperative construction of offshore shallow water areas and far-sea deep water areas, the Marine ranching space will be expanded, and the whole Marine ecological environment will be provided for the protection and proliferation of settled and migratory fish and shellfish resources, so as to comprehensively improve the comprehensive benefits of modern Marine ranching in China, and gradually realize the Marine ranching in China's sea areas.

4. The role of "carbon neutrality" and "carbon compliance" is becoming more and more obvious

Marine life is extremely important carbon sinks on earth body and carbon polymers, along with the modern ocean pasture construction scale expands unceasingly and modernization level enhances unceasingly, will continue to improve our waters of ecological capacity, bei, algae, ginseng, fish fishery resources such as biomass will also continue to increase, modern ocean pasture of removing carbon and carbon sinks more and more strong, It will be more and more obvious to our country's "carbon neutrality" and "carbon standard" contributions. Modern Marine ranching is the development direction of Chinese Marine fishery. In May 2021, the Ministry of Finance, agriculture NongCunBu jointly issued by the support policy on the implementation of fisheries development, promote the development of fishery quality circular stressed: "during the" difference "has transformed by supporting construction of national oceanic ranch, fishing facilities, promote the development of fishery quality, improve the level of fishery modernization, build fisheries development new pattern". It is believed that through the joint efforts of government, industry, science and research, modern Marine ranching will make greater contribution to the sustainable and high-quality development of fishery, national food security and the construction of Marine ecological civilization.